In ancient time when human beings did not know to read and write they pass on their knowledge orally from on generation to another. So a few people could gain the knowledge and also it was not possible to memorize such a vast knowledge so human beings developed many methods .
let us learn about them.
THE STORY OF WRITING
Early men drew pictures of animals and plants on the caves .So we take pictography as first form of writing then these pictures were gradually replaced by signs and symbols to represent sound. These signs and symbols developed into alphabets and scripts.
The proper form of writing was developed around 3000 B.C by Sumerians of Mesopotamians. this writing is called Cuneiform.
pictures were drawn on clay tables with pointed tools, such clay tables are still found in present Iraq,
The Egyptians also developed their own writing based on Signs and Symbols. This writing was called Hieroglyphics which means Sacred writings. this script is found on Mountains, temples and on Tombs . they made pictures were drown on clay tables with pointed tools, such clay tables are still found in presents Iraq.
The Egyptians also developed their own writing based on "sign and symbols". this writing was called "Hieroglyphics "which means "Sacred writing " . this script is found on mountain, temples and on Tombs .they made pictures of animals ,Human beings and part of body etc. some countries like China , japan ,and korea still use signs and symbols in their scripts . these scripts are very difficult to understand.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIAZATION
Slowly symbol gave birth to letters . one of the oldest scripts that has been found belongs to "Indus valley civilization" . This script was found seals and not decoded till date.
About 2000 years ago the Brahmi script developed in India . Brahmi script is most scientific script .
The Devnagri script is also derived from brahmi script. We also use urdu ,persian and Gurumukhi script in India. The invention of the alphabet was a very significant step in the growth of Language and writing . Most language in the world are based on alphabets . The Roman alphabet has 26 alphabets.
THE STORY OF NUMBERS
Earlier men needed to count .He used sticks ,pebbles and stones .this was crude and unreliable was of counting. Indians were the first of use fingers for counting 0 to 10.
the roman used 7 letters of alphabets to write number. These alphabets are;-
I(one) V(five) X(ten) L(50) C(100) etc.
Today we use Arabic system which was originally developed in India. Arab traders took it to Europe ,from there it spread to different part of the world .
The concept of Zero and decimal was also India contribution.1to10 number in different languages.
THE STORY OF PAPER
before the invention of paper ,clay tables ,palm leaves , skin of animal ,metal sheets ,wood were used to write.
paper was invention in Egypt . they used a reed called "papyrus "to make of making paper .
paper was made by hand before the invention of machine .today paper is made from wood pulp ,plant fiber and old press rag.
DO YOU KNOW
THE PEOPLE WHO WRITE BY HAND WERE CALLED SCRIBES.
THE STORY OF PRINTING
books were copied and written by hand. It was a slow process ,there were few books in the market hence these were very expensive.
In 1443 Johannes Gutenberg developed the printing press .
He made mould 's from each alphabet's and ink was applied on the moulds and pressed against the smooth surface .the mould's of letter were called type . the first printed book was 'The Bible'. The mould's can be reused and reset .
Gradually the equality of printing press improved . Machines can print books quickly and at lower cost .The inventions of printing was a great achievement in the field of spreading knowledge.
THE STORY OF BRAILE
louis braille invented the Braille Script .
this is form of writing for the blind people .the script has dots representing letter of word .these dots are raised from the surface of the paper .blind people can read this script by moving their finger's over the dots .
The development of writing has brought the world closer, magazine ,newspaper etc give us information what is happening around us .the writing has helped in the progress of human civilizations.
SUMMING UP
- international number system is based on Hindu Arabic system .
- bible is he first printed book.
- the earliest form of writing was through pictures sign and symbols.
- India gave the concept of zero and decimal to the world .
- cuneiform and hieroglyphics were the ancient forms of writing .
question (1) the printing machine was invented by
answer (1) Gutenberg .
question (2) who developed the decimal system
answer (2) India
question(3) which is first printed book?
answer(3) Bible
question(4) when celebrate Brail Divas?
answer (4) 4 January
DO YOU KNOW
DRAWING AND PAINTING CAN BE SEEN IN PANCHMADI IN MADHYA PRADESH .
THE PEOPLE WHO WRITE BY HAND WERE CALLED